Anti-gay hate crim on the rise, FBI says, and they likely unrunt

Contents:

• ACTIVISTS NMN VLENCE AGAST LGBTQ MUNY ST. VCENT, WHERE GAY SEX IS ILLEGAL

ACTIVISTS NMN VLENCE AGAST LGBTQ MUNY ST. VCENT, WHERE GAY SEX IS ILLEGAL

Syed Ghulam Sarwar Shah, EdorAbstractWe timate the prevalence and characteristics of vlent hate crime victimizatn of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) people the Uned Stat, and we pare them to non-LGBT hate crime victims and to LGBT victims of vlent non-hate crime. While cln of SOGI to hate crime laws was origally nceptualized as a victory for the lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) muny and a regnn of their heightened risk for prejudice-motivated nduct [2, 3], more recent scholars have begun to qutn whether hate crime laws, particularly the e of sentence enhancements, offer protectn for LGBT victims or create another means of policg vulnerable muni [4] unrstand the rat of hate crime among vulnerable muny members and the harms that are associated wh them, is necsary to have systematic documentatn and transparent reportg of the crim.

Other studi suggted that gay and bisexual men bear a disproportnate burn of hate crime [6, 7], pecially hate crim “agast persons, ” meang those that target people (such as asslt or robberi) as opposed to crim agast property (such as arson or burglary) [8]. Some studi suggted that gay men and transgenr women, particularly black, digeno, people of lor, were more likely to be murred, although timat of homici risk vary greatly pendg on the sample ed [9–11].

Known others are more likely than strangers to know someone’s sexual orientatn or genr inty, th creasg the risk of homophobic or transphobic vlence by known others. [13] scribe, where gay and lbian people who attribute negative experienc to sexual prejudice are more psychologilly distrsed than those who do not make such addn, the fdgs suggt ls than half of LGBT victims of vlent hate crime sought out help om medil or mental health provirs for those psychologil or physil symptoms. Followg Florida’s passage of Parental Rights Edutn or a “Don’t Say Gay or Trans” law, there was a 406% crease anti-LGBTQ rhetoric on social media tied to “groomer” language [47].

For example, scholars crique the jtifitn for hate crime laws that have excs foc on the “stranger danger” argument that was ed as part of the “tough on crime” approach or e exampl of middle class gay whe men as victims when hate crime victims are more diverse [52].